Physical Science - Content Standard B: As a result of their activities, students should develop an understanding of motions and forces.


Science and Technology - Content Standard E: 
As a result of activities students should develop:
• Understandings about science and technology.

• Abilities of technological design

Science in Personal and social Perspectives - Content Standard F: As a result of activities students should develop:
• Personal & community health
• Natural resources
• Environmental quality
• Natural and human-induced hazards • Science and technology in local, national and global challenges

History and Nature of Science – Content Standard G
• Science as a human endeavor
• Historical perspectives

3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, although in many processes energy is transferred to the environment as heat. As a basis for understanding this concept:

3.a Students know heat flow and work are two forms of energy transfer between systems.

3.b Students know that the work done by a heat engine that is working in a cycle is the difference between the heat flow into the engine at high temperature and the heat flow out at a lower temperature (first law of thermodynamics) and that this is an example of the law of conservation of energy.

3.c Students know the internal energy of an object includes the energy of random motion of the object’s atoms and molecules, often referred to as thermal energy. The greater the temperature of the object, the greater the energy of motion of the atoms and molecules that make up the object.

3.g Students know how to solve problems involving heat flow, work, and efficiency in a heat engine and know that all real engines lose some heat to their surroundings.

Investigation and Experimentation

1.a Select and use appropriate tools and technology (such as computer-linked probes, spreadsheets, and graphing calculators) to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships, and display data.

1.d Formulate explanations using logic and evidence

1.k Recognize the cumulative nature of scientific knowledge

1.m Investigate a science-based societal issue by researching the literature, analyzing data, and communicating the findings.

Chemistry

2. Biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from the ability of atoms to form bonds from electrostatic forces be¬tween electrons and protons and between atoms and molecules. As a basis for understanding this concept

2.a Students know atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds.

2.b Students know chemical bonds between atoms in molecules such as H2, CH4, NH3, H2CCH2 , N2, Cl2, and many large biological molecules are covalent.

3. The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the prin¬ciple of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants. As a basis for understanding this concept:

3.a Students know how to describe chemical reactions by writing balanced equations.

3.g Students know how to identify reactions that involve oxidation and reduction and how to balance oxidation-reduction reactions.

8. Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the frequency of collision of reactant molecules. As a basis for understanding this concept

8.c Students know the role a catalyst plays in increasing the reaction rate.

• Energy from different sources can be captured and transformed into mechanical energy to power a vehicle.
• All sources of energy have pros and cons
• Fossil fuels create green house gasses that contribute to global warming
• Fossil fuels are available only in limited supplies
• Through research and experimentation cleaner burning, more efficient forms of transportation are being developed

• Understand how an internal combustion engine (ICE) works
• Identify where and how energy is lost in an ICE
• Understand why there is a need to develop cleaner more efficient modes of transportation
• Explain the connection between vehicle emissions and climate change
• Identify the pros & cons of ICE
• Understand the historical development of electric vehicles
• Explain the pros and cons of electric vehicles
• Understand how hybrid vehicles work
• Explain the difference between a series hybrid and a parallel hybrid
• Identify the differences Understand the pros and cons of Hybrid Vehicles
• Understand what hydrogen is
• Explain how hydrogen is obtained to be used as a fuel
• Describe two different ways hydrogen is used as a fuel
• Know the chemical formula for the combustion of hydrogen in air
• Understand and explain how a fuel cell works
• Explain the pros and cons to using hydrogen as a fuel
• Understand how the Linkvolt is different than any other vehicle in production today

• Make a list of the vehicle types categorized under the following chart

• Of the total vehicles listed what percentage use alternative fuels such as ethanol, hydrogen, electricity, or are hybrids?
• Ask students if this ratio would be typical everywhere in the U.S.?
• What do they predict will be the ratio in the future?

• What is your own opinion on why the electric car was “killed”?

1. What kind(s) of car(s) does your family have?
2. Is there a particular reason for the make & model?
3. How would you rate the vehicle in terms of fuel efficiency and emissions?

• Energy from different sources can be captured and transformed into mechanical energy to power a vehicle.
• All sources of energy have pros and cons
• Fossil fuels create green house gasses that contribute to global warming
• Fossil fuels are available only in limited supplies
• Through research and experimentation cleaner burning, more efficient forms of transportation are being developed

• Understand how an internal combustion engine (ICE) work
• Identify where and how energy is lost in an ICE
• Understand why there is a need to develop cleaner more efficient modes of transportation
• Explain the connection between vehicle emissions and climate change
• Identify the pros & cons of ICE
• Understand the historical development of electric vehicles
• Explain the pros and cons of electric vehicles
• Understand how hybrid vehicles work
• Explain the difference between a series hybrid and a parallel hybrid
• Identify the differences Understand the pros and cons of Hybrid Vehicles
• Understand what hydrogen is
• Explain how hydrogen is obtained to be used as a fuel
• Describe two different ways hydrogen is used as a fuel
• Know the chemical formula for the combustion of hydrogen in air
• Understand and explain how a fuel cell works
• Explain the pros and cons to using hydrogen as a fuel
• Understand how the Linkvolt is different than any other vehicle in production today

• Understand what hydrogen is
• Explain how hydrogen is obtained to be used as a fuel
• Describe two different ways hydrogen is used as a fuel
• Understand the reduction and oxidation reactions of electrolysis

• 1 electrolysis kit
• 2 wood splints and matches

• 1 science notebook
• 1 Electrolysis Lab and analysis hand out

• Computer and projection system
• Day 3 PowerPoint
• Wood Splint
• Matches
• 500ml beaker of water

• What is the characteristic of fuel that allows it produce energy?
• Does water have that characteristic?
• What is the chemical formula for water?

• Byproduct

  1. Zinc plus an acid (H+)

  Zn + 2 H+ → Zn2+ + H2

  2. Aluminum plus a base (OH-)

  2 Al + 6 H2O + 2 OH- → 2 Al(OH)4- + 3 H2

• Reformation

  3. Methane and steam

  CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2

• Electrolysis

  Water and electricity

  2H2O(aq) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)